How to create a table

To create a table use command create table. Example: 
mysql> CREATE TABLE pet (
  petid   int unsigned not null auto_increment,
  name	VARCHAR(20) not null,
  owner   VARCHAR(20),
  species VARCHAR(20),
  sex	 CHAR(1),
  birth   DATE not null,
  death   DATE,
  primary key (petid)
);
Once you have your tables created you can see the whole list using show tables command 
mysql> show tables;

Tables_in_danil
pet
test
and also retrieve information about any table usind describe command 
mysql> describe pet;



 

  Field   
  Type   
  Null   
  Key   
  Default   
  Extra   
 

 

  petid 
  int(10) unsigned 
   
  PRI 
   
  auto_increment 
 

 

  name 
  varchar(20) 
   
   
   
   
 

 

  owner 
  varchar(20) 
  YES 
   
   
   
 

 

  species 
  varchar(20) 
  YES 
   
   
   
 

 

  sex 
  char(1) 
  YES 
   
   
   
 

 

  birth 
  date 
   
   
  0000-00-00 
   
 

 

  death 
  date 
  YES 
   
   
   
 




7 row(s) selected
In fact show is capable of more than just producing the list of all existing tables. For example, it can show you how exactly was your table created: 
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE pet;
You can find more information abou show command here.

MySQL Data Types

Numeric Types

Integer data types
Type Range Storage(bytes) Description
tinyint[(M)] -127..128 or 0..255 1 Very small integers
smallint[(M)] -32768..32767 or 0..65535 2 Small integers
mediumint[(M)] -8388608..8388607 or 0..16777215 3 Medium integers
int[(M)] -231..231-1 or 0..231-1 4 Regular integers
integer[(M)] -231..231-1 or 0..231-1 4 Synonym for int
bigint[(M)] -263..263-1 or 0..263-1 8 Big integers

Floating point data types
Type Range Storage(bytes) Description
float(precision) depends on precision varies Can be used to specify single or duble floating point numbers
float[(M,D)] ±1.175494351E-38
±3.402823466E+38		 4 Single precision floating point numbers
double[(M,D)] ±1.7976931348623157E+308
±2.225073858507201E-308		 8 Double precision floating point numbers
double precision[(M,D)] ±1.7976931348623157E+308
±2.225073858507201E-308		 8 Synonym for double
real[(M,D)] ±1.7976931348623157E+308
±2.225073858507201E-308		 8 Synonym for double
decimal[(M[,D])] varies M+2 Floating point number stored as char. The range depends on M, the display width.
numeric[(M[,D])] varies M+2 Synonym for decimal

Date and Time Types

Date and Time data types
Type Range Description
date 1000-01-01 ... 9999-12-31 A date. Will be displayed as YYYY-MM-DD
time -838:59:59 ... 838:59:59 A time. Will be displayed as HH:MM:SS. Note that the range is much wider than you will probably ever want to use.
datetime 1000-01-01 00:00:00 ... 9999-12-31 23:59:59 A date and time. Will be displayed as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
timestamp[(M)] 1970-01-01 00:00:00 ... sometime in 2073 A timestamp, useful for transaction reporting. The display format depends on M.
year[(2|4)] 70..69 (1970..2069)
1901..2155		 A year. You can specify two or four digit format.

Type Specified Display
timestamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
timestamp(14) YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
timestamp(12) YYYYMMDDHHMM
timestamp(10) YYYYMMDDHH
timestamp(8) YYYYMMDD
timestamp(6) YYYYMM
timestamp(4) YYYY
timestamp(2) YY

String Types

Regular String data types
Type Range Description
[national] char(M) [binary] 1 to 255 characters Fixed length string of length M, where M is between 1 and 255. The national keyword specifies that the default set character should be used (part of ANSI stabdared). The binary keyword specifies that the data should be treated as case sensitive. (The default is case insensitive.)
[national] varchar(M) [binary] 1 to 255 characters Same as above, except they are variable length.

TEXT and BLOB data types
Type Max Length Description
tinyblob 28-1 A tiny binary large object field.
tinytext 28-1 A tiny tetx field.
blob 216-1 A normal size binary large object field.
text 216-1 A normal size text field.
mediumblob 224-1 A medium-sized binary large object field.
mediumtext 224-1 A medium-sized text field.
longblob 232-1 A long binary large object field.
longtext 232-1 A long text field.

In practice, TEXT and BLOB objects are the same except that TEXT is case insensitive and BLOB is case sensitive.

SET and ENUM types

The SET type is used to specify that variables in this column must come from a particular set of specified values. Column values may contain more than one value from the set. You can have up to 64 things in the specified set.

ENUM is enumeration. It is very similar to SET, except that column of this type can have only one of the specified values or NULL, and you can have up to 65535 things in the enumeration.

You can find more iformation about all of these types in MySQL standard documentation.